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作为政府公共财政收支计划的政府预算有如下含义( )。
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The question I am asked most often like I travel around the world springs from people’s deepest fear: "Jane, do you think there is hope" Is there hope for the rain forests of Africa For the chimpanzees’ For Africa’s people Is there hope for the planet, our beautiful planet that we were spoiling Is there hope for us and for our children and grandchildren Sometimes it is hard to be optimistic. In Africa one can fly over mile after mile of country that was lush and green fifteen or twenty years which is now almost desert, where far more people and livestock are trying to live than the land can properly support. People, moreover, who are too poor to buy food from elsewhere. What lies ahead for them And what of Gombe When I first arrived there in 1960 the entire shoreline up and off the lake was forested. Gradually, over the years, the trees have been cut down by the local people for firewood, for building poles, and to clear the land for cultivation. Today the forests outside the boundary of the national park have gone, left treeless slopes, where the precious topsoil is eroding away, washed down with each rain into the lake, silting up the breeding grounds of the fish. Even the steepest slopes the forests are gone: farmers have cleared them and are making pitiful attempts to grow crops of cassava and beans in the increasingly infertile soil that remains. Already, outside the national park, the chimpanzees and most of the other animals have gone. And people are beginning to suffer; in some places women must dig up the root of trees long since cut down to get the firewood they need for cooking. And all this changes is because the numbers of people have increased dramatically-mainly due to the explosive population growth, but also to repeated influxes of refugees from troubled Burundi in the north, and more recently from eastern Congo. And this scenario is repeated again and again across the African continent and other developing countries; increased population growth, diminishing resources, and the destruction of nature, resulting from poverty and human suffering.
政府应该以繁荣年份的财政盈余补偿萧条年份的财政赤字，从而达到维持和稳定经济目的的预算政策是( )。
The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so when he attacked the idea of happiness as "the possession of being well- deceived", the felicity of being "a fool among knaves". For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals. It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough. And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them-and to create them taster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. For that matters, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read "You Auto Buy Now". They were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next year’s models were released. Or look at any of the women’s magazines. There, as Bernard DeVoto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmaeoia (药典) and therapy in the back pages. The poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers but what is it trying to buy. The idea "happiness", to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme. To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. That holy man’s idea of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. Fie sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him. American commercialism has guided Americans to achieve their goals of happiness in a______ way.
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. In which year was Saddam’s convoy attacked when he travelled through the town of Dujayl
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