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Text 1 Americans are getting ready for the biggest soccer event in the world. For the first time the world cup soccer competition will be held in the United States. While millions play the game around the world, soccer or football has only recently become popular here. It is only in the last 30 years that large numbers of young Americans became interested in soccer. Now it is the fastest growing sport in the country. A recent study found that almost 18 million young boys and girls play soccer in the United States. The study also found that soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students. And so, when the world cup begins next week, more than one million Americans are expected to go and see the teams play. Organizers say this year’s world cup will be the biggest ever. All the seats at most of the 52 games have already been sold. Soccer has been played in the United States for a little more than one hundred years. But how did the sport come to this country And how long has it existed in other parts of the world No one knows exactly where the idea for soccer came from, or when people began playing the game. Some scientists say there is evidence that ball games using the feet were played thousands of years ago. There is evidence that ancient Greeks and Romans and native American Indians all played games similar to soccer. Most experts agree that Britain is the birthplace of modem soccer. They also agree that the British spread the game around the world. Unlike the game today, which uses balls of man-made material or leather, early soccer balls were often made of animal stomachs. The rules of early soccer games also differed from those we have today. What is the author going to state in the next paragraph
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阅读下文，完成下列问题。(《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚早期作品。剧本通过夏洛克与威尼斯商人安东尼奥的矛盾冲突，揭露高利贷者的残暴贪婪。安东尼奥为帮助他的朋友巴萨尼奥向鲍西娅求婚，借了夏洛克的三千块钱。夏洛克因与安东尼奥有宿怨，迫使他订了一个借约，如果不能在规定的日期和地点还钱，就要在欠债人的胸前割下一磅肉。巴萨尼奥在安东尼奥的帮助下，求婚顺利地成功了。可是安东尼奥因为商船触礁而破产，到期还不起夏洛克的钱。夏洛克则坚持履行契约，要借法律条文图谋报复。于是法庭开庭了。)公爵：大家让开些，让他站在我的面前。夏洛克，人家都以为——我也是这样想——你不过故意装出这一副凶恶的姿态，到了最后关头，就会显出你的仁慈恻隐来，比你现在这种表现上的残酷更加出入意料；现在你虽然坚持着照约处罚，一定要从这个不幸的商人身上割下一磅肉来，到了那时候，你不但愿意放弃这一种处罚，而且因为受到良心上的感动，说不定还会豁免他一部分的欠款。你看他最近接连遭逢的巨大损失，足以使无论怎样富有的商人倾家荡产，即使铁石一样的心肠，从来不知道人类同情的野蛮人，也不能不对他的境遇发生怜悯。犹太人，我们都在等候你一句温和的回答。夏洛克：我的意思已经向殿下告禀过了，我已经指着我们的圣安息日起誓，一定要照约执行处罚，要是殿下不准许我的请求，那就是蔑视宪章，我要到京城里去上告，要求撤销贵邦的特权。您要是问我为什么不愿接受三千块钱，宁愿拿一块腐烂的臭肉，那我可没有什么理由可以回答您，我只能说我喜欢这样，这是不是一个回答要是我的屋子里有了耗子，我高兴出一万块钱叫人把它们赶掉，谁管得了我这不是回答了您吗有的人不爱看张开嘴的猪；有的人瞧见一只猫就要发脾气；还有人听见人家吹风笛的声音，就忍不住要小便，因为一个人的感情完全受着喜恶的支配，谁也做不了自己的主。现在我就这样回答您，为什么有人受不了一头张开嘴的猪，有人受不住一只有益无害的猫，还有人受不住咿咿唔唔的风笛的声音，这些都是毫无充分的理由的，只是因为天生的癖性，使他们一受到刺激，就会情不自禁地现出丑相来；所以我不能举什么理由，也不愿举什么理由，除了因为我对于安东尼奥抱着久积的仇恨和深刻的反感，所以才会向他进行这一场对于我自己并没有好处的诉讼。现在您不是已经得到我的回答了吗巴萨尼奥：你这冷酷无情的家伙，这样的回答可不能作为你的残忍的辩解。夏洛克：我的回答本来不是为了讨你的欢喜。巴萨尼奥：难道人们对于他们所不喜欢的东西，都一定要置之死地吗夏洛克：哪一个人会恨他所不愿意杀死的东西巴萨尼奥：初次的冒犯，不应该就引为仇恨。夏洛克；什么!你愿意给毒蛇咬两次吗安东尼奥：请你想一想，你现在跟这个犹太人讲理，就像站在海滩上，叫那大海的怒涛减低它的奔腾的威力，责问豺狼为什么害得母羊为了失去它的羔羊而哀啼，或是叫那山上的松柏，在受到大风吹拂的时候，不要摇头摆脑，发出簌簌的声音。要是你能叫这个犹太人的心变软——世上还有什么东西比它更硬呢——那么还有什么难事不可以做到所以我请你不用再跟他商量什么条件，也不用替我想什么办法，让我爽爽快快受到判决，满足这犹太人的心愿吧。 夏洛克说，同安东尼奥进行这一场诉讼“并没有好处”。实际上他心里认为打这场官司是有好处的，这句话的潜台词是哪一项？（）
Text 2 Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it," says Dr David. "They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous." Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. When ever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition." To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate." The underlined word "subjects"(Line 1, Para. 4) refers to ______.
Text 3 Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word "laser" means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot, any source of light -- from the sun itself down to a humble match burning -- will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches, no unwanted damage -- a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically. What do we find after the development of the laser in the 1960s
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