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Last month, Hansen Transmissions International, a maker of gearboxes for wind turbines, was listed on the London Stock Exchange. Nothing noteworthy about that, you might say, despite the jump in the share price on the first day of trading and the handsome gain since: green technology is all the rage, is it not But Hansen exemplifies another trend too, which should prove every bit as durable: the rise of multinational companies from emerging economies. Its parent is Suzlon, an Indian firm that began life as a textile manufacturer but is now among the world’s five leading makers of wind turbines. Along the way, Suzlon has acquired not only Hansen, originally Belgian, but also REpower, a German wind-energy firm, spending over $ 2 billion on the pair. The world is now replete with Suzlons: global companies from emerging economies buying businesses in rich countries as well as in poorer places. Another Indian company, Tata Motors, looks likely to add to the list soon, by buying two grand old names of British carmaking, Jaguar and Land Rover, from America’s enfeebled Ford. As a symbol of a shift in economic power, this is hard to match Economic theory says that this should not happen. Richer countries should export capital to poorer ones, not the other way round. Economists have had to get used to seeing this turned on its head in recent years, as rich countries have run large current-account deficits and borrowed from China and other emerging economies (notably oil, exporters) with huge surpluses. Similarly, foreign direct investment (FDI) the buying of companies and the building of factories and offices abroad— should also flow from rich to poor, and with it managerial and entrepreneurial prowess. It is not yet time to tear up the textbook on FDI. According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2006 the flow of FDI into developing economies exceeded the outflow by more than $ 200 billion. But the transfer of finance and expertise is by no means all in one direction. Developing economies accounted for one-seventh of FDI outflows in 2006, most of it in the form of takeovers. Indian companies have done most to catch the eye, but firms from Brazil, China and Mexico, in industries from cement to consumer electronics and aircraft manufacture, have also gone global. Up to a point, emerging-market multinationals have been buying Western know-how. But they have been bringing managerial and entrepreneurial skill, as well as just money, to the companies they buy. British managers bear grudging witness to the financial flair of Mexican cement bosses; Boeing and Airbus may have learnt a thing or two from the global supply chains of Brazil’s Embraer. Perhaps no one should be surprised. Half a century ago, Japan was a poor country, today Sony and Toyota are among the best-known and mightiest companies on the planet. South Korea and Taiwan are still listed as developing countries in UNCTAD’s tables, but that seems bizarrely outdated for the homes of Samsung and Taiwan Semiconductor. Now another generation is forming. To its critics, globalization may be little more than a license for giant Western companies to colonize the emerging world, yet more arid more firms from poorer economies are planting their flags in rich ground. Alas, further liberalization is not certain. The Doha round of global trade talks has been bogged down, partly in squabbles about farm trade but also over industrial tariffs in the emerging world. The services negotiations are half-hearted and direct talks on FDI were ruled out long ago, largely because of developing countries’ fears about rich invaders. And the gains forgone are considerable, a new book by the World Bank estimates that reforming services in developing countries could raise their growth rates by a percentage point. Were OECD countries to allow temporary immigration of skilled workers in service industries, the global gains might exceed $ 45 billion. A few emerging-market giants—notably India’s software firms—have been prepared to stand up for liberalization. But most have not made their voices heard. How sad for free trade, such companies would provide much better illustrations of the success of globalization than the familiar Western names do (unless you think Coca-colonization sounds really cool). And how short-sighted of them. Even if some of these adolescents grew up behind tariff barriers, that represents their past: their future will surely lie in global markets. If the Doha round fails, the next opportunity may be a long time coming. What is the author’s attitude towards those firms which haven’t been prepared for liberalization
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The toughest patches on Chicago’s South side offer few havens for children. Outside are flying bullets and police sirens; inside are poor teenage mothers and’ (occasionally) fathers. Yet here, in the shadow of a condemned public-housing block, a cluster of pastel-colored buildings contains what many experts see as a model for early childhood education in America. The Educate Centre, run by a non-profit group called the Ounce of Prevention Fund, offers an unusual mixture of care and education to 153 black children, from six weeks to five years old, who have little other stability in their lives. The benefits of early education are well known. It helps to determine how long children stay in high school, whether they turn to crime, and how quickly they will find a job. A study by the National Institute for Early Education Research says that every dollar invested in good, full-day, year-round pre-school education (which is rare) yields a $ 4 return in the long run to children, their families and taxpayers. "There’s a huge cost-benefit advantage just in decreased jail time," says James Heckman, an economist at the University of Chicago. With state budget so tight, pre-school programmes are suddenly vulnerable. New York state, for one, is threatening to cut universal pre-school education, and programmes are threatened in Tennessee and Massachusetts, among others. Ten states cut pre-school funding in 2002. A few states hope to make progress, though: the governor of Illinois wants to set up a programme for poor children deemed at risk. He hopes it will grow, over three years, to cover 25,000 children at a cost of $ 90, though a huge state budget deficit may squash his plans. Congress is now considering reauthorization of the Head Start programme, which provides educational, nutritional, medical and social services to the poor three and four year olds, and their families. The Bush administration is proposing changes—improvements, it says—that will shift accountability for Head Start to the states, where the money is spent. But the public-funded pre- kindergarten programmes now available in 40-odd states vary greatly in quality and in the numbers they serve. Some early-schooling advocates worry, therefore, that a shift of Head Start to the grates will undermine national standards. They also fear that cash-strapped states will cut back other pre-school programmes further if they gain control over Head Start, or that money will no longer he earmarked for extra food and health checks. "If kids are hungry or can’t see, they’re never going to learn," says Harriet Meyer, the president of the Ounce of Prevention Fund. The future of Early Head Start, which serves children from birth to three, is equally uncertain. Head Start currently provides about $7,000 for each child, and Early Head Start provides $8,000-10,000. The Educare Centre spends an average of $13,000 for each child by combining Head Start and Early Head Start cash with state money for other programmes. Compared with the hodgepodge of pre-school activities that millions of American parents cobble together, the Educare Centre is admirably integrated. By pooling money from different sources, it can hire plenty of educated teachers and pay them well; it takes children for a full day, all year round; providing a safe and cheerful place in which to play and learn Why are there not more such places The reasons include turf squabbles and jealousy among other child-care groups, unwillingness to believe that existing programmes need improving, bureaucratic hassles over families’ eligibility for funding, and lack of money. Researeh also shows that many Americans think pre-school children should be at home with their mothers. But that is a vanished age. Nowadays, when 73% of American mothers work, including 61% who have children under three, efficient and affordable child care is essential for employee-productivity as well as for the good of the children themselves. Adele Simmons, of Metropolis 2020 in Chicago, says it is time to invest in children as part of the nation’s social infrastructure. "The increase in funding for roads and bridges has been far greater than the increase in funding for kids," she says. "Kids who enter school not ready to learn never catch up. \ What is the author’s main purpose of writing this article
It is lunchtime at the Chateau de Bellerive, Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan’s Home on Lake Geneva. Hisguests are being served the elegant food prepared by. the prince’s kitchen. But the prince and his wife Catherine are content to have a dish of brown rice and an accompanying salad. Can it be that they are not hungry, or is the prince making a gesture, that although he is a rich man he has humble tastes No one is so impolite as to ask, but the guests may talk about it later. Sadruddin was disappointed that his father did not name him as the next leader. But father apparently believed that his son lived only for pleasure. Sadruddin’s much publicized life with his first wife Nina, a model, may have made it seem so. "Myths and labels become attached to people," he remarked later, "giving them a reputation that does not always correspond to reality." It could be that his, father had mixed UP Sadruddin with his half-brother Aly, who was briefly married to Rita Hayworth, a Hollywood star, and was indeed a tearaway. In the event, when the Aga Khan died in 1957, the crown, and the title Aga Khan IV, went to Sadruddin’ s nephew, the present bolder. Sadruddin was then 24. At that age disappointments can usually be overcome, particularly if, like the prince, you have advantages. He had had an elitist education, at Le Rosay in Switzerland and Harvard. He spoke several languages, including French from his mother,, a Parisian, and Persian and English from his father. The amount of his personal fortune was unknown but it was certainly adequate. With these assets to sustain him, Sadruddin discovered what was to be his life’s work, to improve the lot of the world’s refugees, Like many people who came to do good work for the United Nations, Sadruddin, drifted into the organization, rather than setting out to make it his career. As a student he started an art collection that eventually became one of the finest in private hands. He became concerned about the fate of Nubian statues threatened by the construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, ’and in 1958 was taken on as an adviser by UNESCO, the UN’s cultural branch. He discovered that the dam not only threatened Nubian statues but that some 100,000 Nubian people were being moved from their traditional homes. People were clearly more important than statues, however precious. Those Nubians were eventually resettled in Egypt, albeit in inferior territory. In 1959 Sadruddin became an assistant to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and applied to the job the code of morality and responsibility of his faith. He was made deputy high commissioner in 1962, and in 1965 at the age of 32, was appointed to the top job. He was good at getting rich countries be generous. Perhaps only a rich man can be a successful beggar. The elder George Bush was a friend: they played tennis together. Mr. Bush found the urbane European an agreeable contrast to his Texas circle. Sadruddin stepped down after 12 years, the longest any refugee chief has held the job. He seemed the favorite to become the UN’s secretary general in 1981, but the Soviet union vetoed his candidature, claiming he was too pro-Western, and vetoed him again in 1991. Around that ’time stories circulated that the prince was a secret agent for the British, using his job as a cover for the intelligence gathering. It was almost certainly nonsense, but the Russians may have believed it. Sadruddin insisted that he had equal sympathies With Eastern and Western peoples. His description of himself as a "citizen of the world" was a fair one. The reason he bore this second big disappointment was the realization of how little had been done for the world’s poor. In a speech not long ago he said that in 80 countries people’s incomes were lower than they were ten years earlier.. The numbers of people in poverty, earning less than $1 a day, was stuck at 1.2 billion. His meal of brown rice was a heart-felt gesture. Give him that. The author is likely to agree that ______.
观察乳腺疾病采用的检查方法是（）
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically ＆ semantically acceptable. You may refer to our notes. Steps to Overcome That Fear There are several steps of tricks to use to overcome the fear of making a mistake or looking foolish when you speak to a group: Ⅰ. Be well prepared — leave nothing to (1) — When you are well prepared, chances of failure are greatly reduced. — your material — Do not (2) exactly what you plan to say, but have a good outline of facts and information that you can talk about. — knowledge of audience — This will give you an idea of the subject.matter and (3) of your speech. — conditions — If possible, go up to the lectern to check things over and get a feel for things and check out the microphone if needed, Ⅱ. Practice Practice is extremely important. The more you give a talk, the more (4) it becomes. — practice alone — This is good to get the material more (5) in your memory. — use a mirror — You must (6) more. — You can get an idea of how you look when speaking. — It allows you to practice (7) with the audience. — stand in the corner — record your practice — This forces you to avoid (8) to try to remember things. — It allows you to play the speech back to study how you sound, your phrasing, and the content of the material. — use a friendly audience — It is getting closer to the "real world" of speaking to a group. Ⅲ. Have a backup — outlines — You can refer to them in case you have a (9) lapse. — reduce anxiety — You may never even use the cards, but they can greatly reduce your anxiety. Ⅳ. Reduce (10) of your audience — visualize them as not that important. — take three breaths to settle you down. — count to 10 before you start speaking.
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