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The advantage for computers in chess lies in__________.

阅读材料，回答题。 Artificial Intelligence For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence and that it is just around the corner.The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven&39;t yet found the fight block. Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought,which is harder than you might think.The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computer now plays very, very good chess. They can&39;t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else.If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart.Why not a machine？ The answer is that the machine doesn&39;t do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best.Human don&39;t play chess that way.They see patterns, while computers don&39;t. This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence.Computers have no judgment, no common sense.So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence aims to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting.There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine that can think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success.But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one computers fall fiat on their display screens.For example.machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear.They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker. According to the passage， we know that the writer__________. 查看材料

阅读材料，回答题。 How does Organisms Ward off Invaders The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms．This interdependence is sometimes subtle，some times obvious．Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites，organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them．The parasitic way of life is widespread．A multitude of microorganisms(including viruses and bacteria，and an army of invertebrates or creatures lacking a spinal column(including crustaceans，insects，and many different types of worms)make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures．In the face of this onslaught，living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms． Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria create substances known as antibiotics into their external environment．These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area，thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients．The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms．For example，when attacked by disease--causing fungi or bacteria，many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders． Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites．Although these mechanisms vary considerably，all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of“foreign”cells．In fact，throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types of wornls shellfish，and all vertebrates(creatures possessing spinal column) there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals． The ability to distinguish between“self”and“non-self”，while present in all animals，is most efficient among vertebrates，which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism．The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells． What does the passage mainly discuss？查看材料

According to this passage，may not be what people are trying to pull off__________．

What is particular for machine intelligence？查看材料

Paragraph 2__________. 查看材料

Don‘t forget to drink enough water even__________. 查看材料

Paragraph 3__________. 查看材料

该患者饮食中的饱和脂肪酸应

阅读材料，回答题。 The Drink Your Body Needs Most 1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water.Blood is mostly water and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water.Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物 ) to travel to all our organs.Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water through urination (排尿) , respiration (呼吸) , and by sweating.If you are very active,you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise, Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水 ) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘) . A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3.A good rule of thumb (好的做法 ) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half.That gives you the number of ounces (盎司 ) of water per day that you need.For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day,If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounces glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water.When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising.If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor.There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don&39;t need. Paragraph 1__________. 查看材料