题目内容
Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.
In the United States, the fall holiday season begins on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November. Originally (最初) a day of thanks for good harvests, it is celebrated with a big dinner, and turkey (火鸡) is the traditional main course. Christmas
When does the fall holiday season begin in the United States？
查看答案
搜索结果不匹配？点我反馈
更多问题
A green 1-538 form. is used by international students in order to obtain permission (许可) from the Immigration Service(移民局) to transfer from one university to another in the United States. If you are planning to transfer, remember you must obtain the permission before leaving the university where you are currently studying. You must complete the form. 1-538, have it signed by the foreign student advisor, and submitted(呈交) to the District Office of the Immigration Service together with the form. 1-20 from your new school and the small, white form. 1-94 that was attached to your passport when you entered the country.
Submitting the signed 1-538 and other documents does not guarantee permission to transfer. Only an official of Immigration can decide each case. Students who have not completed one term of study at the school that issued them their first 1-20 are not advised to file for permission to transfer until they have completed one term.
Which of the following is a transfer form. for international students in the U.S？
In 2002 the number of industrial robots was three times over that of domestic and service
听力原文：Do you like weightlifting？
(3)
Trust Me, I'm a Robot
With robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferences—an international group of. scientists, academics and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons—the new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily.
"Security and safety are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes？ Is "system malfunction" a justifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contravenes(违反) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians？
These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's World Robotics' Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers—a figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.
Stop right there
So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces？ "Not enough," says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.
Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Giamnarco Veruggio. As a result, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go.
Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robot's motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot coffee？ You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. "One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology," says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you cannot anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the stairs.
Legal problems
In any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws really just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, l
微信支付 
支付宝支付